The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.